ECRM and Touch Points Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECRM and Touch Points - Assignment Example The primary methodology part should be operational to help in sharing of data. It suggests business activities additionally run proficiently. Second, upkeep of long haul associations with customers requires a diagnostic system (Kincaid, 2003). Third, involves synergistic endeavors that help correspondence innovation in different offices particularly when managing different colleagues in between hierarchical settings. In any case, there are additionally assortments strategies that are vital while smoothing out the business utilizing the eCRM and contact focuses approachs. The first includes perception of client centered culture inside and without the association. It helps in understanding their preferences and inclinations (Parvatiyar and Shainesh, 2001). Second, an appropriation of fulfillment benchmarks that assesses the clients’ recommendations and grievances regarding administration advertised. Another assortment technique envelops putting proposal addresses that evaluate the parts of purchasing and selling. It, thusly, is basic to consider organization needs as a major aspect of CRM frameworks that help in evaluating the client procedure (Sagadevan, 2003). This is on the grounds that it smoothes out the organization spending plan through arrangement of CRM arrangements that incorporate expanding the deals to upgrade adaptability. By and large, client focused administrations remain the most significant piece of customization and item arrangement in the utilization of data innovation

Funding body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financing body - Essay Example There are different wellness places like Manchester Aquatics focus, Trinity Sports focus, Manchester Central Personal Training, Jodie O’Neil wellness Coaching, Ardwick Sports Hall, Momentum Leisure Club. In any case, the wellness community will have some one of a kind highlights which will separate itself from its rivals. The wellness place is absolutely concentrating on the client needs and requests. The wellness community is mostly highlighting four exercises like turning class, Boxing, Climbing, Dancing class. These four exercises were picked dependent available examination done among the understudies. From the above table it very well may be seen that almost 160 of the all out respondents like climbing divider as this action will bring a feeling of accomplishment among them. 140 of the all out respondents like moving class. Climbing divider and moving class are the two most elevated casted a ballot exercises that this wellness community is giving. If there should arise an occurrence of moving class, in view of the exploration it is giving yoga, Pilates, hip twirl and high impact exercise and some cutting edge move like Jazz. Yoga is the most famous move among those. In excess of 130 understudies like turning class. 15 bikes will be there in turning class and the wellness community is proposing the individuals to reserve advance spot. The air will be as night club which will help the vitality of understudies. Aside from these full size rings for boxing and enormous screen will be given which will assist the youngsters with releasing pressure. Accessible Institutions to Fund a Small Start-up Company When an organization is yet to be framed, it attempts to raise long haul account from various sources. There are chiefly three kinds of sources from where an organization can get it startup capital for long haul during its commencement period. A portion of the subsidizing bodies which may fund our endeavor are as follow:- Venture capital A youthful privatel y owned business that is yet to begin and not yet all set for open contributions may look for an investment financing. Here comes the financial speculator that is set up to back an untried idea that seems to have promising possibilities. Investment finances bolster developing firms during their commencement stages and before they are going for starting open contributions of offers. Firm will get investment as a type of value capital. It speaks to an exceptionally hazardous interest in the desire for winning better yield in future. It is normal that this idea will have a more prominent centrality in the years to come. It regularly puts into value or semi value instruments in money related market which will have the option to share the hazard and benefit of the investee firm. Financial speculator puts resources into the new organization as well as aides the firm effectively in taking significant choices. Money related weight of the helped firm will in general be low. Investor regularl y close it position by selling the venture from the helped firm following 7 years. (Chandra, 2011, p.436). In this way it very well may be said that it might enable our wellness to focus financing. Upsides and downsides of Venture Capital Financing The principle significant bit of leeway of funding financing is the investors bet on the new organization. On the off chance that the new succeeds they procure high pace of return yet on the off chance that the new thought falls flat, at that point they retain their misfortunes. If there should arise an occurrence of bank credit the new firm would need to reimburse however here no commitments. In the event that the business bombs the new firm won’t have any weight on them. Alongside this funding additionally help to develop business rapidly. Without a

Overview of the Indus Qater Treaty

Outline of the Indus Qater Treaty Section V From days of yore man has been sincerely appended to water. Water questions have existed since the commencement of humanity and different systems to manage issues have been attempted. So far no obvious headings or shows have developed to manage water questions. Numerous associations, including lawful affiliations, have attempted to set out certain standards. The best of these are the Helsinki Rules advanced by the International Law Association in 1966 at its 52 gathering at Helsinki [1]. Anyway, best case scenario the Helsinki Rules can fill in as rules and on account of the sub-mainland the conditions are diverse in light of the fact that they manage dispersion of water with the end goal of water system which isn't the situation of Europe. The ongoing burdens and strains in the recognition of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[2]have been disturbing. India has consented to a few arrangements with its neighbors for sharing of waters of the significant waterways of the subcontinent. Right n ow four significant bargains oversee the conveyance of the waters of Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra. These are the Indus Water Treaty (1960) among India and Pakistan, Sankosh Multipurpose Project bargain (1993) among India and Bhutan, the Ganges Water Sharing Agreement (1996) among India and Bangladesh, and the Mahakali Treaty (1996) among India and Nepal. The hesitance in the recognition of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[3] have had numerous examiners accept the connection among India and Pakistan will be administered to a huge reach out by issues of water partaking in the years to come. The Indus River System The northern and western piece of the Indian subcontinent is inundated by the Indus River and its arrangement of upper tributaries. The Indus at that point ventures a length of around 3000 kms through Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, POK, and Pakistan before entering the Arabian Sea. There are a few distributaries that join the Indus River in its excursion to the oceans and the most significant ones which are talked about in this part are Beas, Sutlej, Ravi, Chena band Jhelum streams. The Indus Tributaries Sutlej: Sutlej is the longest of the numerous tributaries that join the Indus. The River Sutlej starts in Tibet and runs a course of roughly 1500 kms through the mountain scopes of Himachal Pradesh and enters Pakistan through the fields of Punjab. The Husseiniwala Headworks has been developed downstream at the intersection between of Beas and Sutlej, the conclusion of which on May 1, 1948 began the water emergency that empowered the IWT. These Husseiniwals headworks provided water to the State of Bikaner through Bikaner Canal and the territory of Bahawalpurfrom the Depalpur Canal. The Bhakra Dam, which Nehru called the new sanctuary of resurgent India,[4] is likewise arranged on this waterway. Another significant headwork on this Sutlej is Harike that water the Sirhind channel and Rajasthan trench. Chenab: This around 1000 km long waterway starts in Himachal Pradesh and is additionally increased by Chandra and Bagha as it enters Jammu and Kashmir. In the wake of intersection the Pir Panjal go, it enters the Sialkot area in Pakistan close to the town of Akhnoor. The Marala blast has been worked by Pakistan over the waterway in 1968 as a component of its structure to outfit the water of the stream under the arrangements of the IWT. Jhelum Kishenganga (Neelum): The Kishenganga stream begins in the mountains west of Dras and is additionally met by various tributaries and converges with the Jhelum River close Muzaffarabad in PoK. The Jhelum River starts in the lower regions of the Pir Panjal Ranges close Verinag and afterward courses through the urban communities of Anantnag, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. A portion of its significant tributaries are Lidar, Sindand Vishav. Ravi: This around 800 km long waterway ascends in Himachal Pradesh and runs before joining Chenabin Pakistan subsequent to streaming past Lahore. The Thien Dam (Ranjit Sagar Dam) has been developed on this stream at the intersection of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir States and feeds the Upper Bari Doab Canal. Beas: This roughly 500 km long stream begins close Rohtang Passin Himachal Pradesh and courses through Kulu Valley and the Siwalik Range. The Pandoh Dam is situated on this and redirects water to Sutlej through the Beas-Sutlej interface. The Indus Water Treaty Indeed, even preceding 1947, as the water system from the Indus waterway frameworks secured various managerial units and water accessible was not generally adequate to satisfy the joined needs, questions used to emerge every now and then between these units for a lot of water at various seasons, and for the various undertakings considered by them[5]. The segment of India in 1947 was a mind boggling issue and one which the then leaders of India didn't explain acceptably. The issue was additionally muddled by the nearness of a few outskirt royal states particularly that of Jammu Kashmir just as the waterway frameworks of Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. The Indus stream framework introduced an unpredictable issue since all the waterways began either in Jammu and Kashmir or India however the flooded the territories of Punjab that had been dispensed to Pakistan likewise headworks that managed the progression of waters of these streams were designated to India. Aside from the Punjab Bounda ry Commission recommendation that the trench headworks framework be considered as a joint endeavor, a proposal disposed of by the two nations, no considerations were done on water sharing during the procedure of segment. Issues emerging out of water sharing issues of Indus System would later take over 10 years to determine. Further confounding this issue, Pakistan secretively and later clearly attempted to assume responsibility for Jammu Kashmir for some, reasons including that of its apparent need to have the streams of Jammu and Kashmir under its influence which making a sentiment of hostility in the psyches of the Indian lawmakers. The two India and Pakistan consented to a Standstill Agreement on Dec 30, 1947thereby freezing the current water frameworks at the two headworks of Madhopur (on theRavi) and Ferozepur (on the Sutlej) until March, 31, 1948[6]. Arbitral Tribunal (AT) was set up under Section Nine of the Indian Independence Act which was intended to determine any contest which the Punjab Partition Committee couldn't resolve. The East Punjab government chose to stop the progression of water to West Punjab on 01 April 1948 when the East Punjab government didn't react well to talks and subsequently in fact there was no understanding between these two government. By chance the term of the AT additionally completed around the same time. At the greeting of East Punjab, the delegates of the two isolated Punjab States met in Simla on15 Apr 1948and marked two Standstill Agreements[7]regarding the Depalpur Canal and Central Bari Doab Canal to be as a result until15 Oct 1948. Notwithstanding, the West Punjab Government would not endorse the Agreement and the PM of Pakistan, required a gathering. The Finance Minister of Pakistan alongside priests from West Pakistan visited Delhito work out an agreement[8]in the Inter-Dominion Conference hung on May 1948.Indiaagreed to arrival of water from the headworks, however made it clear that Pakistan couldn't make a case for these waters. Mr Eugene R. Dark, the President of the World Bank visited India and Pakistan in 1951 and proposed that a group of Indian, Pakistani and World Bank architects to settle the utilitarian part of water sharing without engaging in the policy driven issues. The two nations acknowledged this mediation[9]. The World Bank likewise asked both the sides to give out their arrangement for the division of the water assets which both the nations did by Oct 53. While the plans of both the nation were amazingly comparative on the issue of accessibility of water it differed impressively on the basic issues of requirement[10]. So as to determine the question, the World Bank at last proposed its own arrangement in Feb 1954 as India and Pakistan had neglected to arrive at a consences. The arrangement offered the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum streams to Pakistan though the three outstanding waterways were offered to India. India acknowledged the proposition whereasP akistan gave just a certified acknowledgment to the proposition. The arrangement recommended by the World Bank was far nearer to the Indian proposition than that of the Pakistan one and in a manner combined Indias position. Pakistan was not happy with this arrangement and even made a danger of pulling back from the exchanges. In the long run the arrangement was not completely changed into a settlement yet gave arrangement to future dealings which proceeded for the following six years.[11] [12]In the nonappearance of a full understanding India and Pakistan consented to an Interim Arrangement in June 1955. As no unequivocal understanding could be reached , the World Bank declared in Apr 1956 that the exchange cutoff time has been uncertainly extended.[13] Under the World Bank plan, Pakistan was to develop blasts and channels to redirect the Western waterway waters to repay the loss of Eastern streams. The last settlement was marked by the head of conditions of the two nation within the sight of the World Bank President on 19 Sep 1960. The arrangement apportioned the three Eastern Rivers to India and the three Western waterways to a great extent to Pakistan. The IWT articulated an instrument to trade normally stream information of waterways, trenches and streams. A Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) was established, headed by two Commissioners, one from every nation. The PIC is relied upon to meet at any rate once per year then again in India and Pakistan and present a yearly report to their individual Governments before June, 30thevery year. The IWT has seen a few issues that have shaken the very establishment of the bargain. No more issue was more plugged than the fallout of the assaults on the Indian Parliament. There was additionally an across the board request inside India for withdrawal from the IWT after the assault on the Indian Parliament on December 13, 20

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates Ostensible financing costs are the rates publicized for speculations or credits that don't factor in the pace of expansion. The essential distinction between ostensible loan fees and genuine financing costs is, truth be told, basically whether they factor in the pace of swelling in some random market economy. It is, in this manner, conceivable to have an ostensible financing cost of zero or even a negative number if the pace of swelling is equivalent to or not exactly the loan fee of the advance or venture; a zero ostensible loan fee happens when theâ interest rateâ is equivalent to the expansion rate - in the event that expansion is 4%, at that point financing costs are 4%. Business analysts have an assortment of clarifications for what causes a zero financing cost to happen, including whats known as a liquidity trap, which forecasts of market improvement fizzle, bringing about a monetary downturn on account of buyers and speculators dithering to relinquish exchanged capital (money close by). Zero Nominal Interest Rates  If you loaned or obtained for a year at a zero genuine financing cost, you would be actually back where you began toward the year's end. I advance $100 to somebody, I get back $104, yet now what cost $100 before costs $104 now, so Im no happier. Ordinarily ostensible loan fees are certain, so individuals have some motivation to loan cash. During a downturn, be that as it may, national banks will in general lower ostensible financing costs so as to spike interest in apparatus, land, plants, and so forth. In this situation, in the event that they cut financing costs too rapidly, they can begin to move toward the degree of swelling, which willâ often emerge when loan fees are cut since these cuts stimulatively affect the economy. A surge of cash streaming into and out of a framework could flood its benefits and result in overall deficits for banks when the market definitely balances out. What Causes a Zero Nominal Interest Rate? As indicated by certain financial specialists, a zero ostensible loan fee can be brought about by a liquidity trap: The Liquidity trap is a Keynesian thought; when expected comes back from interests in protections or genuine plant and hardware are low, venture falls, a downturn starts, and money possessions in banks rise; individuals and organizations at that point keep on holding money since they anticipate that spending and speculation should be low - this is an inevitable snare. There is a way we can stay away from the liquidity trap and, for genuine loan costs to be negative, regardless of whether ostensible financing costs are as yet positive - it happens if speculators accept money will ascend in the future.​ Assume the ostensible loan cost on a bond in Norway is 4%, yet swelling in that nation is 6%. That seems like a terrible arrangement for a Norwegian speculator in light of the fact that by purchasing the bond their future genuine buying force would decay. In any case, if an American financial specialist and thinks the Norwegian krone is going to increment 10% over the U.S. dollar, at that point purchasing these bonds is a decent arrangement. As you would expect this is to a greater extent a hypothetical chance that something that happens consistently in reality. Be that as it may, it took place in Switzerland in the late 1970s, where speculators purchased negative ostensible loan fee bonds due to the quality of the Swiss franc.

Human Vomit In Spanish Essays - DraftOscar Jaime Lpez,

Human Vomit In Spanish Durante este periodo de evaluaci?n la calidad de su trabajo se ha mejorado. Ud. ha manejado bien su presupuesto y recursos y ha evitado gastos innecesarios. Ud. ha estado al d?a con las p?lizas de la compaa, ha participado activamente en las reuniones, y ha ofrecido thoughts buenas para el desarrollo de su secci?n. Con respeto a sus relaciones con otros tengo que destacar el trato bueno de su individual y su facilidad para trabajar en equipo. Ud. trabaja atentamente con sus compa?eros y se lleva bien con ellos. Sus clientes tambi?n me han dicho que Ud. siempre cumple sus promesas y hace caso a su bienestar. Ud. proyecta una imagen de honradez y promueve confianza en nuestra compaa. Ud. es un comerciante muy competente y demuestra un potencial excelente y un af?n de superaci?n fuerte. No obstante, hasta el presente, su trabajo a?n sufre por problemas en el manejo del tiempo y la productividad. Aunque no hemos recibido ninguna queja de sus clientes, nos hemos preocupado de la cantidad de trabajo que ha producido y sobre su habilidad de ponerse en un horario m?s consistente(el ?ltimo mes, por ejemplo, a menudo lleg? tarde y sali? right now casi cada d?a y est? acostumbrado a tener largas conversaciones telef?nicas personales). Le pedimos que tenga presente que para ser lucrativa nuestra compaa, tenemos que promover la eficiencia de cada secci?n. Esperamos que pensar? en su futuro con nosotros y destacar s? mismo para mejorarse en este aspecto de su trabajo. Ud. tiene el derecho a responder por escrito an esta evaluaci?n. Brain research

Its the middle of November. Do YOU know where your Early Action application components are

It’s the middle of November. Do YOU know where your Early Action application components are Shortly after 4PM ET we sent out the following email to the (relatively small but still nonzero number of) Early Action applicants for whom we are still missing a component of their application. Typically we have pretty reliable email delivery, but just in case some of you didnt get it, Im reposting the email in its entirey below. This is also good advice for how to get stuff to us generally. Thanks for applying to MIT! Youre receiving this email because we do not have a core piece â€" namely, a recommendation and/or a transcript â€" of your Early Action application yet. But don’t worry! We know this may be for reasons out of your control. There is still plenty of time to complete your application in time for Early Action consideration. You should submit what you need, and we will review your application when its ready. Before you do anything else, please read through this email for what to do next and for answers to some frequently asked questions! At this point, we have processed all documents that were sent by the November 1 deadline, and are continuing to process the large volume of materials we have been receiving since then as quickly as possible. To see what’s missing, log in to your MyMIT account here: http://my.mit.edu You can click details on the right-hand side to find more tracking information. (Note that documents take 2-4 business days  from the time of receipt to be processed and show up on your MyMIT tracking page. If you think one of your missing documents arrived within the last week, it’s probably still being processed, but if you want to be safe, you may want to send it again.) Core Components If your Evaluation A or B is missing, click the link to check the ApplyWithUs system. If your recommendation(s) still haven’t been sent through this system, please ask your teacher(s) to complete the recommendation through this system, or fax a copy of their letter to us at 1-617-687-9184, by Monday, November 16, 5pm Eastern Time. If you are missing the Secondary School Report and Transcript, youre probably missing an official transcript (this won’t get checked off until we’ve received your transcript). Its best to send both documents again if you can, but the transcript is the more important one for us. Please fax them to 1-617-687-9184 by Monday, November 16, 5pm Eastern Time. If you took November SATs, just send them to us as soon as they’re available. Don’t worry; they’ll get here in time for Early Action consideration (no need to use rush reporting). We will not receive December test scores in time for Early Action consideration. Most importantly, dont take this out on your teachers or counselors â€" its not their fault. Theyre helping you! Be sure to thank them for all of their help and hard work. Other Components Don’t worry about the February Updates and Notes form yet (as the name implies, that’s for February). If your interview has not yet been processed, but you have already completed your interview, use the Conducted Interview form on the Application Tracking details page. If you have not done an interview, we will still consider your application complete (it is not required). However, you can try to contact your interviewer if you haven’t already done so (although your interviewer is not required to accept late interview requests). You can find interview information on your MyMIT Dashboard. If your fee waiver is still pending, don’t worry; we’ll review all pending waivers next week, and you should see an update to your tracking page then. Some frequently asked questions: Can I send missing documents to you via postal mail?No â€" it wont get here in time. I know [Document X] was definitely sent! Can you double check?Unfortunately, we can’t. Given the mountains of information we’re receiving, we have no way of knowing what happened to your document. It’s in your best interest to just send it again. Thanks in advance for your patience and understanding! Okay, I sent [Document X]. Why hasn’t it shown up on my tracking page yet?After we receive them, documents can take 2-4 business days to process before they will show up on your MyMIT tracking. Keep checking your MyMIT page. (As much as we like talking to you, don’t call or email us about this; we’ll only be able to tell you the same thing â€" keep checking MyMIT.) My ApplyWithUs page shows the document was sent, but MyMIT doesn’t (or vice versa). What’s up with that?Unfortunately, these two systems are not directly linked. Your MyMIT tracking is the one that matters. I didn’t think I was applying Early Action, or Ive changed my mind. Can I switch to Regular Action? Or withdraw my application completely?Please send an email to sofiacal [at] mit [dot] edu  and ask to be switched to Regular Action (you can then work on completing your application by the January 1 RA deadline). If you no longer wish to apply at all to MIT this year, you can use this same address to request that your MIT application be withdrawn from consideration. Thanks again for your patience and understanding, and we look forward to reading your application!

How To Get SAT or ACT Accommodations

HomePlanStandardized testsHow To Get SAT or ACT AccommodationsThis page may contain affiliate links.Jul 21, 2019For students with learning disabilities and/or ADD/ADHD, figuring out whether to take the SAT or ACT isn’t so straightforward. My first piece of advice is to apply for accommodations on both tests. Then evaluate the differences in approved (or declined) accommodations and consider which test to take. Sometimes SAT and ACT approve identical accommodations; but, often they do not. Planning For SAT or ACT Accommodations It’s essential that students who need accommodations plan ahead. Well before applying for accommodations, students and parents need to know who at school serves as the disability coordinator with The College Board (PSAT, SAT, AP) and ACT. Then, make sure to reach out to that person in 9th grade to start the process rolling. You should refer to the SAT and ACT websites for documentation guidelines. Unless the necessary documentation is on-file at school well ahead of time, it is unlikely that any testing accommodations will be approved. From there the process takes two different paths. The SAT Accommodations Process In recent years, The College Board has moved to an on-line accommodations request system. After parents sign a consent formthe school disability coordinator can proceed with the request. If the school has all of the disability documentation on file, the student has an IEP, 504 or other accommodations plan at school, and the student has been using accommodations regularly, then the process is typically a smooth one. Sometimes the approval process is fast with a ten day turn-around, but it can take up to eight weeks for The College Board to review and respond to accommodations requests. The beauty is, once approved, the student receives a code (SSD number) to use when registering for all future PSAT and SAT tests. That code also applies to AP exams, ensuring that those tests will be taken with proper accommodations in place. It’s important to note that the accommodations request process is different from the actual test registration. The school initiates the accommodations request; the family initiates test registration. Most students with accommodations take the SAT on the regularly scheduled Saturday in a separate room. But, some accommodations bump the student to school-based testing which takes place at the school’s discretion between the regularly scheduled SAT Saturday and the following Wednesday. The ACT AccommodationsProcess ACT does not have an on-line system for applying for accommodations; the student, parents, and school must partner to complete the necessary paperwork. Also, the form completed depends on the type of accommodations needed. Extended Time National Testing: Prior to September 2018, extended-time students were permitted to split their time between sections as they wished. Now, students instead receive 50% extra time on each section, with a hard stop at the end of each one for a total of six hours to work on all five tests. These students now take the test under the following time limits: English – 70 minutes (compared to 45 minutes standard) Mathematics – 90 minutes (compared to 60 minutes standard) 15 minute break Reading – 55 minutes (compared to 35 minutes standard) Science – 55 minutes (compared to 35 minutes standard) 5 minute break Essay: 60 minutes (compared to 40 minutes standard) this is optional School-based Testing: Some students also receive accommodations for multi-day testing. ACT grants a generous three-week testing window in which to complete the exam under the supervision of their guidance counselor. This is for students who need more than 50% extended time and/or other accommodations that cannot be provided at a test center. For these accommodations, your school’s disability coordinator must complete a form that the student and parent both sign. This form serves as an accommodations request and a test registration. Once approved you will receive a â€Å"reference† number. That same form will be used each time you register for an ACT test even though your accommodations are already approved. [The SAT vs the ACT: Which One Should You Take?] [ 5 Most Common Mistakes to Avoid When Preparing for the ACT] Sat and ACT Appeals If you are not approved for the accommodations you seek, you may appeal the decision. Both SAT and ACT allow appeals. For an appeal to be successful you will need to provide new information, such as a more detailed letter from your school’s disability coordinator explaining why the request is reasonable. This is another reason to start the process early – you need to build in time for a potential appeal. Final Reminder Accommodations will only be granted for professionally diagnosed disabilities. ACT requires an evaluative report that is no more than three years old. College Board will accept a report as old as five years. I always recommend waiting until age 16 to update the psycho-educational testing report so that the tester can administer adult scale instruments. This report will satisfy the documentation requirements for college disability offices and will carry the student through the college years. While accommodations on the SAT and ACT are important, what really counts is having proper accommodations in place in college. Overview Update the psycho-educational or neuropsychological report at age 16. Work with school disability coordinator to ensure that all necessary papers are in the student’s file. Talk with school disability coordinator about types of accommodations. Be aware that some schools are unfamiliar with the school-based testing option. Apply for College Board accommodations in grade 10 (or grade 9 if taking SAT subjects tests) Apply for ACT accommodations in the year you plan on taking the ACT. Allow at least 8 weeks for requests to be processed. I suggest applying in the fall for spring testing. Review and compare the accommodations approved by College Board and ACT to determine which is best for you. Prep for the chosen test using your accommodations. If you are approved for the audio version of the test, ask your school disability coordinator to order practice audio materials. Finally, remember that testing is one piece of the college admission process. In your college search you should identify colleges and universities that best meet and accommodate you learning needs.

Is Racism Over - Values Of An African American Life

Is Racism Over? Topic: Values of an African American life Throughout the paper we will be exploring if has racism come to an end or just evolved as time went along. Im Going to explain the values of an African American lives throughout history till modern days. Explain the physiological abuse African American went through from back far as the middle passage. People never pay attention to the mind abuse and try to put themselves into the same circumstances. Can you imagine being in a boat in pitch black? Do you have any idea what that would do to a human being? As human beings certain events can trigger a nervous breakdown and cause you to lose sanity. Certain Events that African Americans had to go through†¦show more content†¦The ability to place another human being through the abuse and try to justify it with religion shows how they felt about the blacks. Using pigments to treat people in certain ways and to classify them as property. Then throughout history they start treating them a little better but never truly equal. In most situation people decide to ignore this and sweep it under the rug. Life as an African American in the United States is a constant struggle. African Americans had to endure more in their life than anyone can ever imagine. They had to fight for everything they had including natural human right everyone is born with but it’s a battle they had to fight. Never feeling like you belong can really mess with someone’s mental status. How could humans dehumanize other humans? From the moment their being born, their born into a world of no acceptance. A world where they will never be accepted. Having an empty feeling through out your whole life is going to have such an impact on how you see everything else. Never going to feel normal. But then again what was normal? Was being normal slaving over a white family, or watching your mom gets treated like she’s nothing? This affects your mind and the way you think for the rest of your life. You’re never going to think normal because their normal is always going to be different. Whether we like to consider it or not, racism and slavery is associated

Cultural Segregation And Black Culture - 811 Words

Cultural Segregation There is a strong cultural segregation between white culture and black culture. A child’s name can be used to measure cultural items. A name defines a person and implies many factors in their life. A person or employer can perceive and make many assumptions of a person just by knowing their name. Some people who do this are viewed as being racist, closed minded, or even prejudice. Although the black power movement had a positive effect, it also had a negative effect since it increased the cultural gap between whites and blacks. A name may just be a name but every story has a name like every name has a story. The story that a name tells makes all the difference of a person getting a call back or not. Black parent(s) are more likely than any other ethnic group to give their child a unique name. The idea of unique names rising up the surface started around the early 1960s, which was a defining time for black people. The Black Power Movement sought out to acce ntuate African culture and reject prejudice claims of black inferiority. This caused there to be an overlap between white and black names. The root of this phenomenon was of blacks being judged or discriminated for â€Å"acting white†. To represent their communities and culture people who were white or black gave their child â€Å"distinctively white or distinctively black names†. For the black community, showing unity and embracing black culture avoids discrimination amongst their â€Å"own kind†. If a blackShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons Behind Self Segregation1376 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Self-segregation is defined as the conscious decision to form groups and services separate from society based on gender, income generated, religion or ethnic groups (2014). While segregation in history may have been due to political or economics exploitation, research is showing that different communities are segregating certain aspects of their livelihood to achieve their own comfort zones or purposes. Segregation, while conjuring a negative stigma of social inequalities, may haveRead MoreReflection Paper On Culture And Structure1309 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Paper Culture and structure do contribute to or reinforce racial inequality. Cultural traits which are among others the common outlooks, method of behavior, values, etiquette and beliefs that emanate from patterns of intragroup relations in situations brought about by discrimination and segregation. These traits are a reflection of collective experiences in those situations. Racism has in the past been one of the most rampant cultural frames in in the United States. It has also beenRead MoreThe Letter From A Birmingham Jail865 Words   |  4 PagesKing Jr. and â€Å"Why are all the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria† by Beverly Daniel Tatum, race relations are a main topic. While King writes about the effects and injustices of segregation, Beverly writes about the causes of self-segregation. These two works have a few things in common that is discussed, such as the inferiority complex that may stem from the segregation, racism and segregation cause mistrust and contempt, and racism is the cause for segregation. These three things are commonRead MoreThe Legacy Of American Sociology1433 Words   |  6 Pagesstructural and cultural variables into a structural research framework, plus discusses how social structural variables caused the ghetto-derived cultural variables to exist. Over the years, race and segregation in America have mattered. From my perspective, it is considered one of the most concern sociological topics as it plays a great deal among our society. Garner and Hancock discussed how Wilson pulled threads of theory and research together so to inform with reader that racism, segregation, as wellRead MoreEssay about segregation1571 Words   |  7 Pagescategories which led to cultural and social tensions. It also determined inclusion, exclusion, and segregation in U.S society. Both inclusion and exclusion tie together to create the overall process of segregation — one notion cannot occur without resulting in the others. Segregation is a form of separation in terms of race that includes the processes of inclusion and exclusion. Race was the main factor that caused conflicts among people in society in the realms of culture, education, and residentialRead MoreThe Film More Than A Month996 Words   |  4 Pagesfilmmaker Shukree Hassan Tilghma n, Tilghman argues that we should end Black History Month for once and for all. In this film he attempts to demonstrate the truth about BHM and examine what might happen if BHM no longer existed. Tilghman argues that â€Å"Black History is American History†, and he believes that the only solution to this problem is to end BHM and incorporate it all year around. So the question is: should we end Black History Month? This is an extremely controversial question which hasRead MoreReservation Blues By Sherman Alexie1256 Words   |  6 PagesAlexie’s story Reservation Blues explores the lives of some Native Americans who wrestled with cultural, racial, and religious barriers to embrace the rest of the country. The story reflects the process of racial and cultural integration the country has been going through since its inception, revealing an underlying struggle by the minority groups in the country to become part of the Americans culture that is often dominated by the ma jority white population. The process of assimilation occurs acrossRead MoreTravel Back To New York City During The 1920S, A Melting1182 Words   |  5 Pagesa melting pot of culture, a place where new ideas, technology and business mix and mingle into a metropolitan jungle, where dreams are made and stars are born. During this era, in a small neighborhood on the island of Manhattan, an explosion occurs that would forever change the course of history. The explosion would liberate an entire race that had been ignored for centuries into a new era! The explosion was known as the Harlem Renaissance. It was during this time black culture was freely expressedRead More Segregation: The Processes of Inclusion and Exclusion Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageswhich causes needless cultural and social tensions. The concept of race also causes inclusion, exclusion, and segregation in U.S society. Both inclusion and exclusion tie together to create the overall process of segregation — one n otion cannot occur without resulting in the others. Segregation is a form of separation in terms of race that includes the processes of inclusion and exclusion. Race was the main factor that caused conflicts among people in society in the realms of culture, education, and residentialRead MoreRacism In America1047 Words   |  5 Pagesis an issue of the past. Slavery has been abolished, segregation is no longer prevalent, and the last president of the United States was African American. While these facts prove that the U.S. has come a long way since the development of Jim Crow Laws and the â…â€" Compromise, racism has still not been defeated. In the past, America’s political system made it possible for racism and slavery to thrive. Today, America does not allow for segregation or discrimination, politically speaking. Socially speaking

Relationships Between Humbert And Lolita - 2417 Words

Bonnie and Clyde. Sherlock Holmes and John Watson. Classic relationships between characters are known universally. These vital relationships make stories come alive. But certain connections in stories are detrimental to the characters. These can actually make the story that much more interesting. Brett Ashley and Jake Barnes. Tom and Daisy Buchanan. These are the relationships that ruin themselves but become ubiquitous for their violence and conflict. And sometimes that is just more interesting. Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita explores this idea about relationships, especially between Humbert Humbert and Lolita. It challenges interpersonal connections that we’ve come to know so well. Although Humbert continually proves himself as an unreliable narrator who can’t repent because he constantly manipulates the truth, he actually does repent his sins because he ends up realizing the atrocity and irreparable damage of his actions. We can see that Humbert never truly r epents his sins because he ultimately writes this novel for the jury to read; therefore, he can completely justify his wrongdoings without repenting at all. Humbert’s ability to make the jury—the reader—take his side is seen many times in the novel when he breaks the fourth wall: â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, the majority of sex offenders...are innocuous, inadequate, passive, timid strangers who merely ask the community to allow them to pursue their practically harmless, so-called aberrant behavior...withoutShow MoreRelatedEssay on Vladimir Nabokov: Unattainable Love in Lolita1434 Words   |  6 PagesUnattainable love in Lolita Nowadays, everyone in our society is out to find their one and only true love. Some may find their true love in high school; some may find their true love when they are elderly, but there will always be someone out there for everyone, it just takes some effort. Today, we see true love on television shows, in movies, and in books. For example, Romeo and Juliet, Lucy and Ricky Ricardo, and Jack and Rose from â€Å"Titanic†. Love is never easy; it takes time, compromisingRead MoreLolita by Vladimir Nabokov1620 Words   |  6 PagesIn Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov, the main character Humbert Humbert writes a memoir of the rape, incest, and murder he becomes involved in. Throughout the novel the chaos is swept under a carpet that consists of manipulative and linguistic trickery. Instantly in the foreword, the author opens up calling the novel Lolita the â€Å"Confession of a White Widowed Male† as an attempt to highlight Humbert’s good side, being a husband, r ather than explaining why the novel is named after a girl Humbert rapedRead MoreLolita Through a Marxist-Feminist Lens: Lolita by Vladimir Nobokov1182 Words   |  5 PagesLolita Through a Marxist-Feminist Lens After looking past its controversial sexual nature, Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita can be read as a criticism of the capitalist system. Nabokov uses the relationship between the novels narrator, Humbert Humbert, and the novels namesake, Lolita, as an extended metaphor to showcase the systems inherent exploitive nature in a way that shocks the reader out of their false consciousness, by making the former a man in the position of power - a repulsive, manipulativeRead MoreMovie Review : The Games 1568 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the book many games are played. I chose three games that were interesting to me the game where Lolita ask for more money, the game where she seduced Humbert, and the game where she actually plays tennis. Throughout these games some of them same things appear like sexual imaginations, control, and intelligence. Lolita plays games with Humbert in order to get what she wants knowing that she has control over his weaknesses for sexual activities. In the first passage it statesLolita askingRead MoreLove in Lolita1323 Words   |  6 Pagescritics read Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita as a story of Humberts unrequited love for the title character; others consider it a record of the rant-ings of a mad pedophile, with, as Humbert himself admits, a fancy prose style. Nabokovs innovative construction, in fact, highlights both of these aspects as it reinforces and helps develop the novels main theme: the relationship between art and experience. By allowing Humbert to narrate the details of his life with Lolita, Nabokov illustrates the difficultiesRead MoreVladimir Nabokovs Lolita Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesand most original. Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita has been subject to criticism and censorship since its first publication in 1955. Critics constantly degrade the novel as repulsive and an endorsement of pedophilia. Although Lolita was censored for its sexual and obscene content, the characterization of protagonist Humbert Humbert proves it to be just as appropriate as other literature. Critics support Lolita’s censorship because they believe protagonist Humbert Humbert’s approval of pedophilia goesRead More Humberts Description of Lolita in Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita1002 Words   |  5 PagesDescription of Lolita      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Chapter 31 of Part 1 of Lolita, Humbert and Lolita are in the lobby of the Enchanted Hunters only hours after consummating their sexual relationship. As Humbert arrives in the lobby to check out of the hotel, he observes Lolita as she sits reading a movie magazine in a large armchair, and his description of her progresses from a focus on her loss of innocence to a focus on her inner, demonic nature. As elsewhere in the novel, the reader here sees Humbert attemptingRead MoreVladimir Nabokov and Lolita757 Words   |  3 PagesNabokov is known not only for his controversial work Lolita, he was also an avid lepidopterist – in particular, butterflies. There is no doubt that when penning Lolita’s character, Nabokov imprinted several butterfly characteristics on her. This essay however does not seek to investigate the parallels between Lolita and the metamorphosis of a butterfly. Rather, it takes the road less travelled and examines the parallels between Nabokov and Humbert Humbert, not as a pervert, but as a scientist. Nabokov’sRead MoreLolita (Film and Novel Compari1379 Words   |  6 PagesLolita is one of the most unconventional literary classics of the century. Lolita is a twelve-year-old girl, who is desired by the European intellectual Humbert Humbert. As the narrator of the story, Humbert chronicles his abnormal childhood, adolescent experiences, and an adventure in a booming American as a European tourist and pedophile. But it is key to realize his first heartbreak as a boy manifests into his desires for nymphets. This point is made clear in both the novel and movie. I willRead MoreLolita And The Dark Tower1384 Words   |  6 Pages(lines 1-6) Nabokov’s character Humbert Humbert from Lolita is perfectly described in this stanza from Robert Browning’s â€Å"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came.† Nabokov compares Humbert to many poets throughout Lolita. Humbert likens himself to a Romantic poet with the intent of rationalizing his crime of pedophilia as an artistic endeavor. To Humbert, in particular, life really does imitate art. Art also imitates life. Nabokov created the character of Humbert in the image of Edgar Allan Poe

Market Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector - 1600 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION: Second part of this report will evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise. 2.0 FINDINGS: 3.0 Market structures: Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. The characteristics of the product or service and the number of suppliers determine the market structure. This report will mainly focus on oligopoly market structure. 3.1 What is perfect competition? In perfect competition market structure there are no barriers to entry into or exit out of the industry and companies produce identical units of output that are not branded. By looking at these two key features, it can be determined that UK supermarkets are not operating in that market structure. 3.2 What is monopolistic competition? Many small companies operate in monopolistic competition market structure, including independently owned and operated high-street stores and restaurants. In the case of These are the firms that differentiate their product or services, making them unique but in the end are all competing for the same customers, for example hairdressers or restaurants. 3.3 What is monopoly? A monopoly is aShow MoreRelatedMarket Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector1527 Words   |  7 Pageswill evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. 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International Monetary System Free Essays

International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. We will write a custom essay sample on International Monetary System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic actors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944. Historical overview Throughout history, precious metals such as gold and silver have been used for trade, termed bullion, and since early history the coins of various issuers – generally kingdoms and empires – have been traded. The earliest known records of pre – coinage use of bullion for monetary exchange are from Mesopotamia and Egypt, dating from the third millennium BC. 1] Its believed that at this time money played a relatively minor role in the ordering of economic life for these regions, compared to barter and centralised redistribution – a process where the population surrendered their produce to ruling authorities who then redistrubted it as they saw fit. Coinage is believed to have first developed in China in the late 7th century, and independently at around the same time in Lydia, Asia minor, from where its use spread to near by Greek cities and later to the rest of the world. 1] Sometimes formal monetary systems have been imposed by regional rules. For example scholars have tentatively suggested that the ruler Servius Tullius created a primitive monetary system in the archaic period of what was to become the Roman Republic. Tullius reigned in the sixth century BC – several centuries before Rome is believed to have developed a formal coinage system. [2] As with bullion, early use of coinage is believed to have been generally the preserve of the elite. But by about the 4th century they were widely used in Greek cities. Coins were generally supported by the city state authorities, who endeavoured to ensure they retained their values regardless of fluctuations in the availability of whatever base precious metals they were made from. [1] From Greece the use of coins spread slowly westwards throughout Europe, and eastwards to India. Coins were in use in India from about 400BC, initially they played a greater role in religion than trade, but by the 2nd century had become central to commercial transactions. Monetary systems developed in India were so successful they continued to spread through parts of Asia well into the Middle Ages. [1] As multiple coins became common within a region, they have been exchanged by moneychangers, which are the predecessors of today’s foreign exchange market. These are famously discussed in the Biblical story of Jesus and the money changers. In Venice and the Italian city states of the early Middle Ages, money changes would often have to struggle to perform calculations involving six or more currencies. This partly let to Fibonacci writing his Liber Abaci where he popularised the use of Arabic numerals which displaced the more difficult roman numerals then in use by western merchants. [3] Historic international currencies. From top left: crystalline gold, a 5th century BCE Persian daric, an 8th century English mancus, and an 18th century Spanish real. When a given nation or empire has achieved regional hegemony, its currency has been a basis for international trade, and hence for a de facto monetary system. In the West – Europe and the Middle East – an early such coin was the Persian daric, of the Persian empire. This was succeeded by Roman currency of the Roman empire, such as the denarius, then the Gold Dinar of the Muslim empire, and later – from the 16th to 20th centuries, during the Age of Imperialism – by the currency of European colonial powers: the Spanish dollar, the Dutch Gilder, the French Franc and the British Pound Sterling; at times one currency has been pre-eminent, at times no one dominated. With the growth of American power, the US Dollar became the basis for the international monetary system, formalized in the Bretton Woods agreement that established the post-World War II monetary order, with fixed exchange rates of currencies to the dollar, and convertibility of the dollar into gold. Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, culminating in the Nixon shock of 1971, ending convertibility, the US dollar has remained the de facto basis of the world monetary system, though no longer de jure, with various European currencies and the Japanese Yen being used. Since the formation of the Euro, the Euro has gained use as a reserve currency and a unit of transactions, though the dollar has remained the primary currency. A dominant currency may be used directly or indirectly by other nations – for example, English kings minted gold mancus, presumably to function as dinars to exchange with Islamic Spain, and more recently, a number of nations have used the US dollar as their local currency, a custom called dollarization. Until the 19th century, the global monetary system was loosely linked at best, with Europe, the Americas, India and China (among others) having largely separate economies, and hence monetary systems were regional. European colonization of the Americas, starting with the Spanish empire, led to the integration of American and European economies and monetary systems, and European colonization of Asia led to the dominance of European currencies, notably the British pound sterling in the 19th century, succeeded by the US dollar in the 20th century. Some, such as Michael Hudson, foresee the decline of a single basis for the global monetary system, and instead the emergence of regional trade blocs, citing the emergence of the Euro as an example of this phenomenon. See also Global financial systems , world-systems approach and polarity in international relations. It was in the later half of the 19th century that a monetary system with close to universal global participation emerged, based on the gold standard. History of modern global monetary orders The pre WWI financial order: 1870–1914  From the 1870s to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the world benefited from a well integrated financial order, sometimes known as the First age of Globalisation. [4] [5] Money unions were operating which effectively allowed members to accept each others currency as legal tender including the Latin Monetary Union (Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, France) and Scandinavian monetary union (Denmark, Norway and Sweden). In the absence of shared membership of a union, transactions were facilitated by widespread participation in the gold standard, by both independent nations and their colonies. Great Britain was at the time the world’s pre-eminent financial, imperial, and industrial power, ruling more of the world and exporting more capital as a percentage of her national income than any other creditor nation has since. [6] While capital controls comparable to the Bretton Woods System were not in place, damaging capital flows were far less common than they were to be in the post 1971 era. In fact Great Britain’s capital exports helped to correct global imbalances as they tended to be counter cyclical, rising when Britain’s economy went into recession, thus compensating other states for income lost from export of goods. Accordingly, this era saw mostly steady growth and a relatively low level of financial crises. In contrast to the Bretton Woods system, the pre-World War I financial order was not created at a single high level conference; rather it evolved organically in a series of discrete steps. The Gilded Age, a time of especially rapid development in North America, falls into this period. Between the World Wars: 1919–1939 The years between the world wars have been described as a period of de-globalisation, as both international trade and capital flows shrank compared to the period before World War I. During World War I countries had abandoned the gold standard and, except for the United States, returned to it only briefly. By the early 30’s the prevailing order was essentially a fragmented system of floating exchange rates . [8] In this era, the experience of Great Britain and others was that the gold standard ran counter to the need to retain domestic policy autonomy. To protect their reserves of gold countries would sometimes need to raise interest rates and generally follow a deflationary policy. The greatest need for this could arise in a downturn, just when leaders would have preferred to lower rates to encourage growth. Economist Nicholas Davenport [9] had even argued that the wish to return Britain to the gold standard, â€Å"sprang from a sadistic desire by the Bankers to inflict pain on the British working class. † By the end of World War I, Great Britain was heavily indebted to the United States, allowing the USA to largely displace her as the worlds number one financial power. The United States however was reluctant to assume Great Britain’s leadership role, partly due to isolationist influences and a focus on domestic concerns. In contrast to Great Britain in the previous era, capital exports from the US were not counter cyclical. They expanded rapidly with the United States’s economic growth in the twenties up to 1928, but then almost completely halted as the US economy began slowing in that year. As the Great Depression intensified in 1930, financial institutions were hit hard along with trade; in 1930 alone 1345 US banks collapsed. During the 1930s the United States raised trade barriers, refused to act as an international lender of last resort, and refused calls to cancel war debts, all of which further aggravated economic hardship for other countries. According to economist John Maynard Keynes another factor contributing to the turbulent economic performance of this era was the insistence of French premier Clemenceau that Germany pay war reparations at too high a level, which Keynes described in his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace. The Bretton Woods Era: 1945–1971 British and American policy makers began to plan the post war international monetary system in the early 1940s. The objective was to create an order that combined the benefits of an integrated and relatively liberal international system with the freedom for governments to pursue domestic policies aimed at promoting full employment and social wellbeing . 11] The principal architects of the new system, John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White, created a plan which was endorsed by the 42 countries attending the 1944 Bretton Woods conference. The plan involved nations agreeing to a system of fixed but adjustable exchange rates where the currencies were pegged against the dollar, with the dollar itself convertible into gold. So in effect this was a gold – dollar exchange standard. There were a number of improvements on the old gold standard. Two international institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created; A key part of their function was to replace private finance as more reliable source of lending for investment projects in developing states. At the time the soon to be defeated powers of Germany and Japan were envisaged as states soon to be in need of such development, and there was a desire from both the US and Britain not to see the defeated powers saddled with punitive sanctions that would inflict lasting pain on future generations. The new exchange rate system allowed countries facing economic hardship to devalue their currencies by up to 10% against the dollar (more if approved by the IMF) – thus they would not be forced to undergo deflation to stay in the gold standard. A system of capital controls was introduced to protect countries from the damaging effects of capital flight and to allow countries to pursue independent macro economic policies [12] while still welcoming flows intended for productive investment. Keynes had argued against the dollar having such a central role in the monetary system, and suggested an international currency called Bancor be used instead, but he was overruled by the Americans. Towards the end of the Bretton Woods era, the central role of the dollar became a problem as international demand eventually forced the US to run a persistent trade deficit, which undermined confidence in the dollar. This, together with the emergence of a parallel market for gold where the price soared above the official US mandated price, led to speculators running down the US gold reserves. Even when convertibility was restricted to nations only, some, notably France,[13] continued building up hoards of gold at the expense of the US. Eventually these pressures caused President Nixon to end all convertibility into gold on 15 August 1971. This event marked the effective end of the Bretton Woods systems; attempts were made to find other mechanisms to preserve the fixed exchange rates over the next few years, but they were not successful, resulting in a system of floating exchange rates. 13] The post Bretton Woods system: 1971 – present An alternative name for the post Bretton Woods system is the Washington Consensus. While the name was coined in 1989, the associated economic system came into effect years earlier: according to economic historian Lord Skidelsky the Washington Consensus is generally seen as spanning 1980–2009 (the latter half of the 1970s being a transitional period). [14] The transition away from Bretton Woods was marked by a switch from a state led to a market led system. 4] The Bretton Wood system is considered by economic historians to have broken down in the 1970s:[14] crucial events being Nixon suspending the dollar’s convertibility into gold in 1971, the United states abandonment of Capital Controls in 1974, and Great Britain’s ending of capital controls in 1979 which was swiftly copied by most other major economies. In some parts of the developing world, liberalisation brought significant benefits for large sections of the population – most prominently with Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in China since 1978 and the liberalisation of India after her 1991 crisis. Generally the industrial nations experienced much slower growth and higher unemployment than in the previous era, and according to Professor Gordon Fletcher in retrospect the 1950s and 60s when the Bretton Woods system was operating came to be seen as a golden age. [15] Financial crises have been more intense and have increased in frequency by about 300% – with the damaging effects prior to 2008 being chiefly felt in the emerging economies. On the positive side, at least until 2008 investors have frequently achieved very high rates of return, with salaries and bonuses in the financial sector reaching record levels. The â€Å"Revived Bretton Woods system† identified in 2003 From 2003, economists such as Michael P. Dooley, Peter M. Garber, and David Folkerts-Landau began writing papers[16] describing the emergence of a new international system involving an interdependency between states with generally high savings in Asia lending and exporting to western states with generally high spending. Similar to the original Bretton Woods, this included Asian currencies being pegged to the dollar, though this time by the unilateral intervention of Asian governments in the currency market to stop their currencies appreciating. The developing world as a whole stopped running current account deficits in 1999 [17] – widely seen as a response to unsympathetic treatment following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. The most striking example of east-west interdependency is the relationship between China and America, which Niall Ferguson calls Chimerica. From 2004, Dooley et al. began using the term Bretton Woods II to describe this de facto state of affairs, and continue to do so as late as 2009. Others have described this supposed â€Å"Bretton Woods II†, sometimes called â€Å"New Bretton Woods†,[19] as a â€Å"fiction†, and called for the elimination of the structural imbalances that underlie it, viz, the chronic US current account deficit. [20] However since at least 2007 those authors have also used the term â€Å"Bretton Woods II† to call for a new de jure system: for key international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank to be revamped to meet the demands of the current age,[21] and between 2008 to mid 2009 the terms Bretton Woods II and New Bretton Woods was increasingly used in the latter sense. By late 2009, with less emphases on structural reform to the international monetary system and more attention being paid to issues such as re-balancing the world economy, Bretton Woods II is again frequently used to refer to the practice some countries have of unilaterally pegging their currencies to the dollar. How to cite International Monetary System, Essay examples

Strategic Management of Project Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of Project Information Systems. Answer: Introduction: There are some of the important issues required to be implemented to support the software developed by the software developer for supporting the client and their student to efficiently manage the online learning system. The client of the software company are the colleges providing service to students and one of the client provides service to the students with disability. Thus the system is required to be developed meeting the requirement of the normal client and the client which provides service to the children with disability (Conde et al. 2014). Thus, the information system is required to be developed meeting the requirement of all the clients. For the successful implementation of the system the various needs and accessibility of the people with disability is required to be analyzed. Several technologies such as screen reading software, screen magnification software, alternative input device, Braille display can be used for redesigning and implement the software support for the cli ent and the student. The involvement of the Green ICT for the web 2.0 is about reducing the impact of ICT on the environment. The web 2.0 should be developed to consume less resources and thus reducing the energy consumption of data centers, computers and servers. For developing a green web 2.0 website new technologies are needed to be implemented that increases the efficiency of the system and reducing the environmental footprints. The choosing of the appropriate technology is the main problem faced by the information and communication technological experts. For the implementation of the green ICT the organizational structure is needed to be analyzed and the new technology should be implemented aligning the technology with the business strategy (Ward and Peppard 2016). The impact of the implementation of the ICT technology is also analyzed that would help the organization to play an important role for the transition of low-carbon environmental society. The cloud computing can be implemented for a greene r ICT and the reducing the cost of running database server in an organization. Building a computer, on a production line of identical computers is a process. This is a process because it is part of the project and is a repetitive sequence of task. Building a house, as a series of identical houses all over Australia is a project, it meets the criteria of the project, which has a beginning and end (Yang, Chen and Chou 2014). Upgrading a computer from windows 7 to windows 10 is defined as a process because it has an objective which defines the ongoing operation. Upgrading all 120 computers from Windows 7 to Windows 10 is considered as a project because the objective s broadly defined and might change in future and the sequence of task in a project is repetitive. References Conde, M.., Garca-Pealvo, F.J., Rodrguez-Conde, M.J., Alier, M., Casany, M.J. and Piguillem, J., 2014. An evolving Learning Management System for new educational environments using 2.0 tools.Interactive Learning Environments,22(2), pp.188-204. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Yang, L.R., Chen, J.H. and Chou, S.C., 2014. KM as a Facilitator for Project Performance Through Team Process: Does Information Technology Make a Difference?.International Journal of Information Technology Decision Making,13(05), pp.937-956.

Information Technology Services Virtualization and IT Infrastructure

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology for Services Virtualization and IT Infrastructure. Answer: Introduction Services virtualization and IT infrastructure consolidation offer screening services, strategy, design and implementation through data center infrastructure and application environment. It helps to develop a virtualization strategy that meets your business needs and using IT systems and HP converged infrastructure solutions, in conjunction with years of experience to create a customized solution (Crosby, Garcia, Williams, 2007) IT managers say that consolidation and virtualization are your priorities as major efficiency initiatives. But they worry that will impact projects large-scale consolidation and virtualization in general business organization. Therefore they focus their efforts and are set in areas that get more benefits of virtualization and consolidation: these are storage and network servers. With this in mind, IT managers should create a comprehensive plan that takes all variables into account. This can improve the control exercised over a complex IT environment. We can help you achieve the benefits you need and to fulfill the promises you have made to the company. Network virtualization Virtual networks offer the same functions and guarantees a physical network, along with the operational advantages and independence of own hardware virtualization. Turning to the field of virtualization, the online encyclopedia of the famous magazine PC News, defines virtualization as: a variety of technologies for the management of computing resources, providing a translation layer of software known as "abstraction layer" between software and physical hardware. Now, the idea of virtualization, associated with the virtual word, suggests that virtual virtualization is not real and that it is only an appearance; for nothing more distant than the latter view, since virtualization in the field of information technology and communications, it refers to a different way of perceiving reality. Brief Explanation of the Topic Large volumes of data and real-time applications are taking storage requirements to new levels. Through storage virtualization, disks and flash drives on separate servers, they are combined to form deposits of high-performance storage and are supplied as software. The software-defined storage (SDS, Software-Defined Storage) is a new storage strategy that provides a fundamentally more efficient operating model. Benefits of virtualization Virtualization can increase the scalability, flexibility and agility, while generating significant cost savings. Workloads are implemented faster, performance and availability increase, and operations are automated. All this makes IT management simpler and property operation and less costly. Among the additional advantages include the following: Many organizations has a long history of delivering IT solutions that combine the best technology and project management practices. To this we add our more than 12 years of being associated with industry-leading IT organizations. This paper highlights the influence and importance of ICT in contemporary organizations. The method used was the documentary by analysis of library, media resources, and Web sites This paper highlights the influence and Importance of ICT in contemporary Organizations. The method used was the documentary by bibliographic analysis from media resources, and Web sites. The results highlighted the emergence of two layers, the Computer-structure and the Culture of computers Within the ICT and the Human Development link. As well, the Impacts on the corporate culture, ICT as part of the product, in the ITS Importance design of the organization, and their role as decision-making in supporting. ICT virtualization is manifested mainly as follows: 1)In hardware virtualization 2) In network virtualization and storage 3) In application virtualization All this indicates that ICT has impacted the way we live and share the world increasingly globalized, opening channels for the globalization of knowledge, finance, and culture, among others, allowing for certain activities through technological means, such as: They are communities that are fundamentally related in virtual environments via the Internet or online communities, among which discussion forums, social networks (Facebook, Twitter), emails and email groups, Groups news, Video Conferencing, and Chat, among others. Within these communities scientific communities, knowledge networks and others, formed by a group of people, united by a common interest, and maintain their relationship with time are grouped. Also it is known as telecommuting, in which an organization, making use of ICT facilitates the employee reaches its activities in places other than the location of the organization, improving environmental impact and economic recovery in some societies, through democratization of employment, becoming a valid employment option. To overcome this gap the state has raised a number of challenges that are intended position on the Information Society to achieve national integration, widespread access to information, enhance the education sector as well as health and reducing inequalities in access to telecommunications services. This has been proposed reforms in the regulatory framework to guide the incorporation and use of ICT, contained in the Constitution, the Organic Law of Telecommunications, the National Telecommunications Plan focuses on the development of telecommunications sector; the Organic Law on Science, Technology and Innovation and the National Plan for Information Technology whose mission is "The development of strategies, policies, plans, programs and policies in a coordinated and articulated manner between public bodies and private sector, mainly with the productive sector, allowing investment, development and consolidation of ICT in all areas of state and society " Results of the influence of ICT in organizations Progression and History Without having intended to exhaust the subject of the influence of ICT in organizations, but rather to have shown the tip of the iceberg in this topic it can be summarized generally in the following results: The change in the structure of the productive sectors, which rely increasingly on collaborative networks of production, management and information exchange. ICT virtualization does not overlap the modern organization, they are an integral part thereof.Non-overlapping ICT networks are an integral part of these networks.Strategies, operational criteria and organizational formulas should think together and in an integrated strategy with the use of ICT. ICT virtualization should be an integral part of the networks and modern organizations are interlinked networks, so the production chain owns value of an organization ceases to be a linear representation to adopt network structure. The influence of ICT has made the organization becomes a series of nodes, closely attached to the client, grouped network(Davies, 2008). Importance Having regard to the influence that ICT virtualization has made organizational, social, political and economic level to infer the importance of ICT in the organizational field. In principle, ICTs offer greater facilities, overcoming the barriers of distance and time, in most cases. In addition, they offer accuracy, reduced risks and lower costs. IT Issues and Growth Companies are heavily investing in rapidly emerging technology of virtualization. This topic fits into the top It issues in the following ways. Virtualization is important for the chief information officer because it provides the company with a set of tools which enables lowering of costs and increasing flexibility. These are things that are very crucial for every enterprise and IT organization. Virtualization provides various significant benefits to the organization hence the chief information officer should be involved in establishing pilots , expertise development and putting the virtualization technology to work (Information technology, 2005). Virtualization for innovation Virtualization essentially is important in every the growth of IT for the company and every stage of development of IT. As so, virtualization increases flexibility in the organization by decoupling the operating system and the applications that are supported by the system from a physical hardware platform. There can be significant innovation boost when organizations are looking to innovate and create new systems and services without additional hardware installation(Laudon Laudon, 2000). Virtualization excels at supporting innovation by using virtual environment for learning and training. A case example is when learners can establish unique soft wares without exclusively using hardware resources. A student may work with a known system environment that is known. Innovations can therefore be accelerated and facilitated with minimum investment. Companies with virtualization experience that is broader may consider implementing portable virtual environments. Cost saving Another important aspect of virtualization is lowering costs. This comes when servers are consolidated into a set that is smaller and more powerful hardware platforms running a virtual environment collection. The costs can be reduced also by a more improved performance that can be executed in more powerful hardware(Preston, 2001). Benefits can further be enhanced by increasing hardware capacity in a manner that is non-disruptive to dynamically migrate workloads to available resources. Introduction of virtualization significantly reduce the need to replicate hardware environments that are identical and enables testing of scenarios at a cost that is lower. Seasonal workloads and peak periods in an organization can be remedied by virtualization. For example if you have peak workloads. Virtualization as a standard solution Vendors of operating systems should include virtualization as a standard component, virtualization vendors should make sure that the scope of their offerings are expanded and also the hardware vendors should build virtual capabilities in their platforms. Although substantial benefits are available from existing virtualization services, it can yield more benefits in both availability and manageability by building new applications with an integrated virtualization strategy. Strategy Traditionally the IT capacity plan is considered a proper process of IT (Information Technology), whose purpose was to study the volume of information that could manage the IT infrastructure. It has also been considered as a proper process of organizations with a large volume of resources(Schwalbe, 2006). But both perceptions are changing with the advent of the IT services offered from the cloud as infrastructure, platform or software as a service. This is the strategy that the CIO should implement. They have also contributed to this change, technologies such as virtualization, enabling consolidation of IT resources or new ways of procurement of services such as "pay per use". All these factors have succeeded in changing the idea that companies have the IT capacity plan as a passive element, to turn it into an enabling component of strategy. For any organization, whether large or small, is essential to maintain its business strategy aligned with market demand, any possible deviation s may result in losses(Muller, 2005). For a small organization, such as a startup, with a small number of business processes, which are also relatively simple to implement and whose IT infrastructure is not too big, build a plan IT capacity is relatively simple and does not require too much effort. There is a set of recommendations or best practices that we can continue to develop a plan IT capacity. Implementation The server virtualization vendors such as VMware, storage identified as one of the key factors in the adoption of this technology. Since these providers have extracted hypervisor CPU and memory resources for better control and greater use, it makes use of control storage. But the concept of moving functionality of the storage controller to the host server in what is called "storage hypervisor" produces some potential problems. This is to manage storage services such as snapshots, clones and thin provisioning, which are important in virtual server and virtual desktop, you can significantly reduce the performance of the host server. References Crosby, S., Garcia, J., Williams, D. (2007). Virtualization with Xen. Burlington, Mass.: Syngress. Davies, P. (2008). Information technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dittner, R. Rule, D. (2007). Best damn server virtualization book period. Burlington, MA: Syngress. Information technology. (2005). Geneva. Innovation in information technology. (2003). Washington, D.C. Laudon, K. Laudon, J. (2000). Management information systems. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Muller, A. (2005). Virtualization with VMware ESX Server. Rockland, MA: Syngress. Preston, P. (2001). Reshaping communications. London: SAGE. Schwalbe, K. (2006). Information technology project management. Boston, Mass.: Thomson Course Technology.

You Belong To Me Is Mary Higgins Clarks Fifteenth Novel. It Is About A

You Belong to Me is Mary Higgins Clark's fifteenth novel. It is about a young clinical psychologist named Dr. Susan Chandler who hosts a radio talk show. One day the topic of the show is lonely women who disappear and who are later discovered dead. She brings up one specific case of a lady named Regina Clausen. Another lady calls in the show and says she might have some information that might be useful to the case, but she wants to remain anonymous. Dr. Chandler tries to arrage a meeting with her, and she says she will probably not be able to come. That woman is shoved into a bus the next day and is seriously injured. The only witness that saw her get pushed is killed the next day. Dr. Chandler starts following the case, but every time she goes to talk to someone that might be able to give her some information, they are already dead. In the end, Susan is hot on the murderer's trail, but does not realize that she is going to be the next victim. The murderer turns out to be a guy Susan has been dating. He tries to suffocate her and leaves her to die. Another doctor friend of Susan's has also been paying attention to the case though, and he is worried about something happening to Susan. He finds her in her office before she suffocates, and they are able to have the police arrest the bad guy before he does any more damage. You Belong to Me is a superb thriller from one of the genre's all-time greats, Mary Higgins Clark. (Book Browser 1) Almost all critics had only good to say about Clark's work. No doube many readers have one or more Mary Higgins Clark novels set aside...and not just because she is one of the most popular large-print book authors or because her heroines always come out all right at the end. More likely it's because her novels fall into the classic Gothic Genre. (Hoopes 1) Another author commented, These inspiring novels will touch each and every heart. (Baker 2) This was definitely true of You Belong to Me. Ms. Clark still has the finesse to provide her myriad of fans with a top rate reading experience. (Book Browser 1) One critic commented on Clark's mystery writing magazine-To me it seems more geared toward supermarket checkout lines. But I thing it shows how popular mysteries are getting. (Detroit News 7) Story ideas, however, are one thing Mary Higgins Clark has plenty of. (Hoopes 2) Mary Higgins Clark has lived an extraordinary life. She made herself into something worthwhile from basically nothing, only because she worked hard for what she wanted. She proved that you can do whatever you want, if you want it bad enough. Clark definitely is a symbol of character, esteem, and perseverance, and her bestsellers are proof of it, if not her status as a favorite American author.

6

6 Introduction Some of the most interesting aspects of child development are the biosocial, cognitive and psychological development.Reading these aspects can be interesting, especially if you have a child who is still developing. In order to understand these aspects fully, scientists have come up with numerous theories to explain the development stages right from birth to adulthood.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on 6-year-old childs biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although some people have widely criticized some of the theories, the truth of the matter is they address the various development stages we take the general based model to address the biosocial, cognitive, and psychological development of a six-year-old child. In trying to address these three paramount issues, the paper takes note of the extensive variations in what very many child development experts con sider as â€Å"normal†. Some of the factors behind child development include family, cognitive, educational, and genetic. Depending on the suitability of these factors, children will reach certain stages at different times. However, this paper discusses development stages of a normal six-year-old child. This is simply because every child is unique and therefore, the development stages can vary with time and other factors (Rollercoaster, 2012, p.1). Six-year-old child In very many developed countries, six-year-old kids are conversant with school and kindergarten related activities. In other words, a child develops aggression towards independence in this year. However, the idea to separate from their parents is not something that they are in apposition to do no matter how independent they want to be. These kids are taking steps towards discovering the world they found themselves in some years ago. The truth of the matter is that not all six-year-old children share similar abili ties and development traits. They can actually vary form one child to another due to their uniqueness. At this age, the kids have different preferences, experiences, and each one of them is capable of things in certain ways. This is the reason why their abilities are not the same. Although each kid is unique, we assume a general milestone in addressing the similarities in the development stages of all six-year-old kids (Ruben, Fein Vandenberg, 1983, pp. 690-698). As seen above, one of the most significant things to note about six-year-old kids id their increased aggression towards routines and independence. This does not necessarily mean that they want to leave their parents and become independent. In most cases, these kids spend most of their time in school, and away from their parents. In school, these kids participate in various activities, sometimes on their own. Sometimes, they can form groups and play together, or attend parties of their friends. Six-year-old kids also experi ence physical development.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the motor skills and the coordination are likely to develop as compared to the rest. Additionally, this is the age when most children develop athletic abilities. You will find many of them playing or running around. The growth rate will vary form one child to another, and that is the main reason why their heights will vary to a certain extent. Experts also argue that six-year-old children always feel insecure when they are far away from the parents or their homes. They therefore crave for relieve and security either at home or from their parents. Other theories also depict that six-year-old children tend to experience an incredible learning augmentation once they enter kindergarten and start handling intricate materials. This is the period they start learning how to read, and some basic math, art, science and history solving skills will start develop (Higgins Parsons, 1983, pp.15-66). Biosocial development The biosocial development of a six-year-old child is also active at this particular age. In most cases, the child starts to develop interaction and other social skills. Friends It is quite amusing to note that these kids tend to emphasis relationships with people outside their homes, for example, teachers and pupils. Even as their aggression towards independence continues, these kids also tend to focus in other areas like forming very many fiends comprising of peers, teachers, and maybe other parents. As time goes by, they find that social interactions with the peers, friends or other people outside the family are complex. Nevertheless, this does not stop them from interacting, as they become increasingly aware on what to do with such friendships. Another positive thing to note about these kids is that at this age, they understand rules better, and majority of them want t o make sure that their friends follow the rules. For instance, if they are playing, they aggravate for organized games, which are devoid of controversy. You will find them forming teams to play each other a soccer match. Gender is also important here. Those of the same gender would always want to play together, and one kid would choose another as the â€Å"best friend†. However, it is imperative for parents to watch the biosocial developments of the six-year-old child lest they develop abnormal behaviors such as hounding, cliques, and banishing others. Otherwise, this is the age when a kid navigates from one relationship to another hoping to find security and comfort (Ruben, Fein Vandenberg, 1983, pp. 702-734). Morals and rules At six years of age, a child becomes increasingly aware of what is right and wrong. You will find many of them reporting or even summoning those who are not doing the right thing. At this age, break-ups among close friends are so common, but the goodn ess is they do not last for long, and you will find them becoming friends almost immediately.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on 6-year-old childs biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Giving, Sharing and Empathy Having acquired a good number of friends and now playing together, six-year-old kids always like sharing some of the things they own for example, snacks and toys. The truth of the matter is that there is rivalry and scuffling towards picking the best-looking toy or taking many snacks, but as we have seen above, they forget their differences easily. In fact, they can work out their conflicts without the involvement of a teacher or a parent. Perhaps one major thing to note about six-year-old kids is that they are too egotistical, and therefore they need tender support for them to learn the other side of life (Parten, 1932, pp. 243-269). Cognitive development As w e have seen above, six-year-old children have developed learning skills and therefore they are now reedy to enter school. At this age, they could be in kindergarten or in a nursery school. In school, they find a new world that is much different from that in their homes. Story telling, allotment, practical activities, and designing become so common, even as they embark on a journey of discovering what is in the books. They are now ready to learn new skills such as decoding words due to the developed phonemic awareness. Their attention span begins to lengthen, and they become familiar with intricate projects and assignments assigned to them both at schools and home (Parkhurst Asher, 1992, pp. 231-241). Reading and Writing This is the right age when children start learning how to read. In some cases, majority of the children of this age even begin to read on their own. Amazingly, some of them can even begin to write short stories (one paragraph) about their family, friends, or vacatio ns. They are able to identify some words and with time, they break their sound. Since they are still developing cognitively, with time, they become conversant with many vocabularies, and they can spell some words correctly. Children of this age can also identify punctuation marks, and apply capitalization in the sentences they construct. They also like reading simple stories about animals and monsters. Notably, after reading the story, they can re-tell it. Numbers and Math Six-year-old kids can count numbers much easier than they were in a year or two ago. Even as their cognitive skills increase, they will start mastering even higher numbers. Using sticks or other materials, they can add and subtract numbers in a given problem. They enjoy solving puzzles as well (Hagen, (1972, pp.66-78).Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concepts Six-year-old kids are good in mastering concepts. For example, they can read the time, and tell all days of the week. By this age, they can say more about the world, name some towns, and even state the day’s weather conditions. We can say that at this age, they are able to differentiate between real and imaginary things. Psychological Development Six-year-old children are also developing psychologically. However, this type of development is in most cases characterized by contradictions. For instance, although they want to be independent, they also feel insecure and would always want to be at home with their parents. Emotional Awareness At this age, this kids experience emotions. Although they are a bit conversant on what to say, they are able to read the emotions of other people. They also remain careful in uttering some critical words so that they do not offend others. Confidence and Insecurity Since they are involved in various activities both at home and school, t hey always crave for recognition and praise. In a way, this boosts their confidence. Parents should also be instrumental in teaching them the lines of confidence. When they feel insecure, they should be encouraged, and it is paramount to mention that these kids dislike criticisms and other negative admonishments. All they need is reaffirming assurance and understanding on the part of friends and parents. Inflexibility and Preferences Six-year-old kids always prefer to do things according to their way. If this does not happen, then they feel dejected. To them some things are good and some are bad. However, parents can educate them on what is good and bad (Rollercoaster, 2012, p.1). Privacy At six years of age, children crave for some form of privacy. For instance, when they are dressing, they hide and they do not want anybody to see them. They also discourage the idea of bathing in front of their parents as well. Astonishingly, these children are also curious, as they want to discove r their gender and sex. They may also start questioning their parents the origin of babies. Reference List Hagen, J. W. (1972). Strategies for remembering. New York: Academic Press. Higgins, E.T. Parsons, J.E. (1983). Social cognition and the social life of the child:  Stages as sub-cultures. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Parkhurst, J.T. Asher, S.R. (1992).Peer rejection in middle school: Subgroup differences in behavior, loneliness, and interpersonal concerns. Developmental Psychology, 28(1), 231–241. Parten, M. (1932). Social participation among preschool children.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 27, 243–269. Rollercoaster. (2012). Stages of Development. Web. Ruben, K. H., Fein, G. G., Vandenberg, B. (1983). Socialization, personality, and  social development. (4th ed.). New York: Wiley and Sons.